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Abstract: This article focuses on the differences in the definition and types of Chinese traditional garden heritage, bringing six main problems in conserving garden heritage in the 21st century. It shows that the protection and utilisation of Chinese traditional garden heritage are different from architectural heritage in the narrow sense because of its characteristics. Compared with European ...

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Abstract: This article studies Haishan-Xianguan (Sea Mountain Immortals’ Lodge), which is a vanished traditional garden famous in the Qing Dynasty in Canton (Guangzhou). The article discusses the disappeared gardens and their legacies from the perspective of ‘traces’ rather than historical ‘sources’. Through the collection of traces from different vehicles, including the site, topography, ...

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Abstract: Garden of the Inept Administrator (Zhuozhengyuan) in Suzhou, with its appearance in the late Qing Dynasty (late 19th and early 20th centuries), has been adequately treasured and carefully preserved since the 1950s. Yet there have been some failures that influenced its conservation till today. When the local government of Suzhou took over Fengtian Zhili Huiguan (Clubhouse for Elites fr...

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Abstract: Chinese gardens are places to dwell in and stroll, to build hills and waters. They are also the materialisation of social relationship. Therefore, the renovation of traditional gardens often represents the maintenance, adjustment and adaptation of a specific social relationship. Xiuyuan Garden (Retiring Garden) in Yangzhou had undertaken several significant renovations in a century fo...

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Abstract: Based on a comprehensive review of Chen Congzhou’s gardening practice, this article analyses different types of restorations such as Yuyuan Garden (Garden of Pleasure), Suiyuan Garden (Garden of Contentment) and the East Garden of Tianyige (Pavilion of Heaven’s Oneness) from three aspects—the current status, historical information, and historical environment—to explore Chen Congzh...

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Abstract: The World Cultural Heritage site Changu Narayan Temple compound is located on the top of Changu Hill in the northeast Kathmandu Valley. This article reconstructs its construction history as a typical ‘power place’ in Nepal from the perspective of the interrelationship between ideas and the material environment. It aims to reveal the cultural mechanism behind historical events, which...

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Abstract: Based on an investigation of construction traces and analysis of historical documents, this article infers that the form of Jiayu Pass towers underwent significant changes after their establishment in the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). There was probably a major renovation in 1792 under the reign of the Qianlong emperor (r. 1735–1796). Through an interpretation of three memorials to the ...

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Abstract: This article investigates the cultural exchange involving Lingzhaoxuan (Pavilion in the Numinous Pond), an iron-and-glass construction located in Yanxi Palace in the Imperial Palace of Beijing, which was constructed in 1909. The article first examines the application of glass in the Western-style garden architecture of late Qing China, explaining why Lingzhaoxuan was called the ‘Crys...

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Abstract: State-owned architectural heritages account for a large proportion of China’s immovable cultural relics. Due to the complex nature of state ownership, adjustments to its rights and exercising would directly influence the protection and utilisation of state-owned architectural heritage. This article starts with a study on the birth and development of the rights and exercising of archi...

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WARFIELD COLUMN XXIV A Chamber for Books, a Dream of Seclusion: The Genetic Mapping of Shuyin Mansion in Shanghai

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Abstract: The former residence of Sun Ke is a major historical and cultural site protected at the municipal level in Shanghai. It was designed by László Ede Hudec and was built around 1931. After a short period as a private residence, it was used by Shanghai Biochemical Research Institute as an office building from 1951 to 2016. In 2020, the building was transformed into a place of cultural act...