2021年第2期(总第22期)

晋语是不同于北方官话的方言语系,晋语方言区以山西为自然地理中心向其周边的陕西、内蒙古、河北、河南4省区辐射;晋系风土建筑与晋语方言区相关联,呈地域性分布,是风土环境的外在表现,中国风土建筑谱系的重要分支。《建筑遗产》学刊2021年第2期的《研究聚焦》栏目探讨晋语方言区的风土建筑,共收入包括刘加平院士在内的十余位作者的7篇力作,分别从区域与谱系、风土聚落和建筑类型、晋系木作技艺等几个方面,对晋系风土建筑的历史、自然和人文特征进行分析。


王金平、汤丽蓉的《晋系风土与风土建筑》一文研究发现,在同一语言谱系的区域中,由于自然和人文环境殊异,技艺传承不同,导致不同地区的建筑形态异彩纷呈,具有鲜明的风土特征。依据历史地理、农耕区划、语言谱系、内在机制和外部表现的不同,文章通过分析不同区域风土建筑的空间、构造及视觉形态,揭示了形成晋系风土建筑独特风土个性的规律和机制。李浈、颜炳亮撰文《从文化传播视角看晋系乡土建筑的区域关联》以文化传播的视角,分析黄河干支流、长城防御线、晋商线路等对晋系区域文化和乡土建筑的传播作用;探讨了汾、渭河入黄河口地带的“中原”文化及其乡土建筑,黄河大峡谷两岸的晋西(乃至晋北大部分区域)与陕北黄土分布区域在语言、风土环境和建筑形制上的关联,长城防御线地区的语言风俗和军事聚落等内容。

穴居是晋语方言区主要的居住方式之一。杨柳、刘加平的《黄土高原窑洞民居的传承与再生》,依据绿色建筑设计原理、“原型”理论、“需要层次”原理和“批判地域主义”理论,对黄土高原窑洞民居这类风土建筑进行一系列调查、实践与后评估,分析其热环境的科学机理,提出窑洞民居的“技术原型”,实践黄土高原新窑居模式,来满足良好居住性能指标并传承地方场所文脉和地域特色的要求。在现场调研、工匠访谈和文献整理的基础上,薛林平、刘传勇、胡盼在《山西平陆县地坑窑营造技艺初探》一文中对平陆县境内地坑窑的营造方法、流程做了抢救式的记录与再现,并对营造过程中的技巧及注意事项进行总结与分析。

林晓丹在《黄河晋陕沿岸风土聚落“村寨分离”特征及地域分布研究——以龙门至潼关段为例》中指出,黄河晋陕沿岸中原官话区汾河片风土聚落的选址、建造和形态深受自然地形影响,在分析其“村寨分离”特征的几种模式的基础上,提出该区域聚落形态特征整体呈现从关中地区向晋语方言区过渡的趋势。

晋系木作技艺具有非常独特的地域性和风土个性。以晋中地区保存的五代宋金时期木构建筑为样本,周淼在《唐宋建筑转型的切片——以10-12世纪晋中地区地方建筑外檐斗栱配置方式演变为线索》一文中,对地方建筑外檐斗栱配置方式的演变历程进行了研究,涉及结构形式与补间斗栱样式的匹配、外檐斗栱形制、外檐斗栱假昂、斗栱配置的视觉考量等问题,特别分析了晋中地区宋金时期地方建筑中补间斗栱的出现体现了外来形制的在地化过程。周啸林、温静的《格式化与个性化——明初制度整顿背景下的太原崇善寺大悲殿建筑》以明代洪武朝对官式建筑制度的整理为出发点,通过分析明初遗构太原崇善寺大悲殿的建筑特征,探讨了明初官式制度如何在地方得以落实。

本期客座主编:
太原理工大学建筑学院教授  王金平



Content

    Special Focus

  • Vernacular Architecture of the Jin Genre Wang Jinping, Tang Lirong
    X
    Abstract: Jin dialect is a special language family which is different from northern Mandarin. Apart from the geographical centre, Shanxi Province, it is also used in the surrounding four provinces of Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Henan. As a significant branch of Chinese vernacular architectural pedigree, the vernacular architecture of the Jin genre is related to the Jin dialect areas and ...
  • The Subregional Relationship of the Jin Genre Vernacular Architecture from the Perspective of Cul... Li Zhen, Yan Bingliang
    X
    Abstract: This paper takes the mainstream and tributaries of the Yellow River, the defence line of the Great Wall and the trade routes of Jin merchants as the main transmission channels of the regional culture and vernacular architecture of the Jin Genre, and focuses on three key points. Firstly, the area where the Fenhe River and the Weihe River enter the Yellow River is regarded as the core r...
  • Inheritance and Renewal of Traditional Yaodong Dwellings on the Loess Plateau Yang Liu, Liu Jiaping
    X
    Abstract: Green buildings should not only save resources, protect the environment and meet a range of performance requirements, but also extend vernacular cultural contexts and represent regional characteristics. This study takes yaodong dwellings (traditional earthen cave dwellings) on the Loess Plateau as the research object. Based on the design principles for green architecture, the theories...
  • Construction Techniques of the Sunken Courtyard Cave Dwellings in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province Xue Linping, Liu Chuanyong, Hu Pan
    X
    Abstract: Pinglu County is located in Yuncheng, the southernmost city in Shanxi Province, and at the junction of Shanxi, Henan and Shaanxi provinces. The sufficient sunshine, the arid climate, the relatively low underground water level and the special topography, together with the local geological conditions, provide the environment for the construction of sunken courtyard cave dwellings. Based...
  • The Characteristic of ‘Village with Detached Fortress’ and the Distribution of Vernacular Settl... Lin Xiaodan
    X
    Abstract: Compared with those in central and southeast Shanxi, vernacular settlements along the Yellow River in Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces in the Fenhe River subarea of the Central Plain dialect area present a natural organic form, and have their fortresses beyond the village spheres. Based on field investigation and oral history research, this article starts from the relationship between vil...

    Theory and History

  • Speaking of the Architectural Culture in the Yue Region Zhu Guangya
    X
    Abstract: This article begins with a definition of the Yue region and its architectural culture, and introduces the basic features of the landscape, pointing out that the compact landscape and spatial characteristics of Yue settlements are formed in light of the region’s specific geographical and historical environment. It also analyses the historical information implied in a number of ancient...
  • Modernity of Technology: Building Services of Villa Tugendhat Li Hui, Pu Yijun
    X
    Abstract: In the early days of modernism, technical measures including building services played an important role in architecture. The performance of the building services in the Tugendhat Villa is more typical and has become an important means for architects to realise the concept of space. Combining relevant information and after many on-site studies, the study finds that the concentrated per...

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